In Bed with Benito: Sex Diaries Reveal Mussolini's Soft Side

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After returning from the Munich Conference in 1938, he summoned Claretta. "The Führer is very likeable," Il Duce told his mistress. "Hitler is an emotional person at heart. When he saw me, there were tears in his eyes. He really likes me a lot."

Mussolini was, however, somewhat irritated by Hitler's fits of rage. "Sparks flew from his eyes, his body was shaking and he could only pull himself together with difficulty. I, on the other hand, remained completely calm." In Mussolini's opinion, it was he who had saved the conference. "I was always the one who brought them back to the matter at hand, they got lost in discussion. Hitler sincerely adores me."

After the conference, Mussolini and Petacci went on a vacation to the beach. Mussolini, while flipping through French newspapers, suddenly got into a bad mood. "These disgusting Jews, they should all be destroyed," he said. "I will create a bloodbath the way the Turks once did. I will isolate them and imprison them. They will come to know the steel fist of Mussolini. It is time that the Italians realize that can no longer exploited by these snakes."

Five weeks later, he had pushed through a new race law that declared "mixed marriages" invalid. When Pope Pius XI objected, he became enraged. "Never before has a pope done so much harm to religion as this one. He has already lost almost the entire world." And, he continued, "he does dishonorable things. How can he say that we are the same as the Semites? We have fought with them for hundreds of years, and we hate them."

It is an age-old story and not one that is exclusive to Italy: The story of short, powerful men who wear their hearts between their legs, surround themselves with showgirls and, in the end, are only attracted by anything that is even more powerful and unscrupulous than they are. One sentence that Petacci attributed to Mussolini, "I am like Napoleon," could just as easily have been uttered by one of his modern-day successors, someone who likes to be called, not il Duce, but il Cavaliere or "Papi."

Sweet Nothings

After he was deposed in 1943, Mussolini, with Hitler's help, established the puppet state of the Republic of Salò on Lake Garda. Carletta remained behind in Rome, but the couple eventually reunited and, after fleeing and being arrested by Italian partisans, she and Il Duce were executed together in April 1945.

Petacci entrusted her diaries to the countess Rina Cervis. In 1950 the police unearthed them from where they had been hidden in the countess's garden. After that, they were kept in a box in the national archive, not to be released until 70 years after they had been written.

But was it truly just "pillow talk," as some Il Duce experts contend? And, in Petacci's case, did the old Roman saying hold true: Tell your lover everything, just not the truth?

"Of course, the sweet nothings aren't worth discussing. But the supposed remarks on politics are interesting," says Lutz Klinkhammer of the German Historical Institute in Rome. "When it came to politics, why would Mussolini want to hide anything from her?" he asks. "Petacci wasn't interested in politics. For instance, her notes on Il Duce's anti-Semitism essentially confirm the conclusions of our most recent research."

When the miniature Salò Republic came to an end in April 1945, Mussolini offered his mistress the option of fleeing to Spain, but Petacci declined. A short time later, she was hanging upside-down next to Il Duce above the Piazzale Loreto in Milan, shot by partisans. A passerby is believed to have said: "One thing you can say for her: She did have nice legs."

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• Part 1: Sex Diaries Reveal Mussolini's Soft Side
• Part 2: 'Hitler Really Likes Me a Lot'